KLM plane en route to Sweden
The next morning, I involve to Schiphol airport in Amsterdam, on a KLM plane en route to Sweden. We atterrissons in Stockholm where were born Greta Garbo and Ingrid Bergman. The archipelago, with its 24 000 islands spread across the Baltic Sea extends over 80 km east of the city. The “City between the bridges”, which mixes the charm of Old World sophistication with urban skyscrapers lies in fourteen islands in Lake Malaren. An elegant train Swedish importee to Huddinge to meet Karl Ekwall (Karolinska Institute).
The subject of Karl, what are the positive and negative regulators of gene expression. “The genes can express themselves differently depending on whether a liver cell or a brain cell, and this can be regulated by epigenetic markers, he says. Some of these markers are changes to the his tones, proteins used to compact basic DNA. There has been a major step forward in this area in 1996 when researchers managed to isolate enzymes that change the marking epigenetic. “As Fred, Karl is aware that understand the epigenetic mechanisms could well lead to new therapies. “It’s important because in many diseases such as cancer, is marking epigenetic wrong causing a tumour.” Karl is studying the labeling of his tones in another kind of yeast that is used to either bread or beer.
The fission yeast is a cousin of the burgeoning yeast. Both have about 2000 genes in common with human beings. Karl and his team are currently drawing up maps of epigenetic marking of the entire genome of yeast. They point where attach enzymes to remove labels such as acetyl groups. “The goal is to understand how these enzymes regulate genomes,” said Karl. He recently made an unexpected discovery. “The enzyme sensible transcribe genes is actually the same as that involved in the inactivation of certain parts of the genome.” This new role for the intermediary between our genetic code and protein functional stresses the path that we still have to go to understand how to place the control of DNA.
It was on this revelation that Sweden sees me take leave of my adventures epigenetic. After ten countries in Europe, I did that scratch the surface of this exciting area of research. Yet this small sample of the network opened my eyes to a new language, a new way of thinking DNA and genes. If the words remain the same, the grammar is changing at an exponential rate, and the table that emerges is very different from that brossait my old biology book. A low dogmas!
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